1. Dimentional Stability(尺寸稳定性) 

2. Physical Performance（物理性能）

3. Appearance Retention（外观持久性）

4. Washing （皂洗）

5. Tensile Strength（拉伸强度） 

6. After Laundering（洗烫性能）

7. Drycleaning（干洗） 

8. Tear Strength（撕破强度） 

9. After Drycleaning（干洗之后）

10. Colour Fastness（色牢度） 

11. Seam Slippage（接缝滑裂） 

12. Flammability（阻燃性）

13. Washing（皂洗牢度） 

14. Seam Strength(接缝强度)

15. Fibre Content(纤维含量)

16. Drycleaning(干洗牢度)

17. Bursting Strength(顶破强度)

18. Zipper Strength(拉链强度)

19. Rubbing/Crocking(磨擦牢度) 

20. Pilling Resistance(抗起球起毛性) 

21. Banned Azo Dyes(禁用偶氮染料)

22. Light(光照牢度) 

23. Abrasion Resistance(耐磨性) 

24. Eco-Textile(环保纺织品)

25. Perspiration(汗渍牢度)

26. Water Repellency(拒水性) 

27. Water(水喷牢度) 

28. Water Resistance(抗水性)

29. Actual Laundering(实际洗涤) 

30. Threads Per Inch/Stitch Density(织物密度)

31. Chlorine Bleach(氯漂白) 

32. Yarn Counts(纱支)

33. Non-chlorine Bleach (非氯漂白)

34. Fabric Weight (织物克重

Color fastness Color fastness refers to the resistance of the color of a textile to various effects during processing and use. The fastness level was evaluated based on the discoloration of the sample and the staining of the undyed lining fabric. Textile color fastness testing is a routine testing item in textile intrinsic quality testing. Relevant test information can be found in the expansion reading website

Color fastness related process:

1. Fill in the test application form, send it to Ningbo Duomei Testing Co., Ltd. together with the sample, or send the sample to the Ningbo Duomei Testing Co., Ltd. - No. 804, Building 3, Wante Business Center, Jiangdong High-tech Zone, Ningbo

2. After receiving the sample, the relevant personnel of Ningbo Duomei Testing Co., Ltd. will contact the customer by telephone and issue a payment notice. The customer must return the bank certificate to Ningbo Duomei Testing Co., Ltd., and receive the water meter to arrange product inspection.

3. After the test is completed, the relevant personnel of the laboratory will fax the report to your company first, and then according to the report method selected by the customer on the application form.

Color fastness refers to the wash and friction resistance of the product.

The color fastness is good and poor, which directly relates to the health and safety of the human body. In the process of wearing the product with poor color fastness, when the rain or sweat is encountered, the pigment on the fabric will fall off and fade, and the molecules and heavy metal ions of the dye will be It may be absorbed by the human body through the skin and endanger the health of the human skin. On the other hand, it may affect other clothing worn on the body, or other clothes that are dirty when washed with other clothes.

The so-called color fastness (referred to as color fastness) means that the dyed fabric is subjected to external factors during the use or processing (extrusion, rubbing, washing, raining, exposure, light, seawater impregnation, saliva impregnation, water stain, perspiration). Etc.) The degree of fading under the action is an important indicator of fabric. Because the conditions encountered in the processing and use of fabrics vary greatly, the requirements are different. Therefore, most of the current test methods are simulated or comprehensive tests according to the environment and conditions of action, so the test method of dye fastness The content is quite extensive. But looking at the International Standards Organization (ISO), the American Association of Dyers and Chemists (AATCC), Japan (JIS), the United Kingdom (BS) and many other standards, the most commonly used are wash, light, rub and sweat resistant, resistant Ironing, weather resistance, etc. In actual work, the test items are mainly determined according to the end use of the product and the product standard. For example, the wool textile product standard must test the color fastness to sunlight, and the knitted underwear must be tested for perspiration fastness, while outdoor use Textiles (such as parasols, light boxes, and cover materials) are of course tested for weather fastness.

★ corresponding standard ★

1, color fastness to washing

ISO 105 C06: 1994/Cor.2:2002(E): Textiles Colour fastness test Part C06: Colour fastness to household and commercial washing

BS EN ISO 105-C06: 1997: Textiles - Colour fastness test - Part C06: Colour fastness to household and commercial washes

2, dry cleaning color fastness

ISO105 D01:1993/BS EN ISO105 D01:1995: Textiles Colour fastness test Colour fastness to dry cleaning

3, color fastness to water

ISO 105 E01: 1994/Cor.1:2002(E): Textiles Colour fastness test Colour fastness to water

4, color fastness to seawater

ISO 105 E02: 1994/Cor.1:2002(E): Textiles Colour fastness test Seawater fastness

5, color fastness to perspiration

ISO 105 E04: 1994/Cor.1:2002(E) : Test method for colour fastness to perspiration of textiles

6, dry heat fastness

ISO 105 P01: 1993: Textiles Colour fastness test Colour fastness to dry heat (except hot press)

BS EN ISO 105-P01: 1995: Textiles Colour fastness test Colour fastness to dry heat (except hot press)

7, rubbing fastness

BS1006 X12:1990: Textiles Colour fastness test Colour fastness to rubbing

EN ISO105 X12:2002: Textiles Colour fastness test Colour fastness to rubbing

8, heat fastness

BS EN ISO 105 X11: 1996: Textiles Colour fastness test Colour fastness to heat

9. Light fastness

GB/T8427-1998 Textiles Resistant to artificial light fastness

The pH value, also known as the hydrogen ion concentration index, is a measure of the hydrogen ion activity in a solution, which is a measure of the degree of acidity and alkalinity of a solution in the usual sense. This concept was proposed in 1909 by the Danish biochemist S?ren Peter Lauritz S?rensen. p stands for German potenz, meaning force or concentration, and H stands for hydrogen ion (H+). Sometimes the pH is also written in the Latin form of pondus hydrogenii.

Normally (25 ° C, 298 K), the pH is a number between 0 and 14. When the pH is <7, the solution is acidic. When the pH is >7, the solution is alkaline, when the pH is At =7, the solution is neutral.

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The shrinkage of the fabric refers to the percentage of fabric shrinkage after the fabric is washed or soaked.

The natural white cloth is 3%; the wool blue cloth is 3-4%; the poplin is 3-4.5%; the flower cloth is 3-3.5%; the card 叽 达 is 4-5.5; the twill is 4%; the 哗叽 is 3-4% Labor cloth is 10%; artificial cotton is 10%

The factors that cause the fabric to shrink:

1 The raw materials of the fabric are different and the shrinkage rate is different. In general, a fiber having a large hygroscopic property expands after immersion in water, has an increased diameter, a shortened length, and a large shrinkage rate. If the viscose fiber has a water absorption rate as high as 13%, and the synthetic fiber fabric has poor hygroscopicity, the shrinkage rate is small.

2 The density of the fabric is different and the shrinkage rate is also different. If the latitude and longitude density are similar, the warp and weft shrinkage rate is also close. The fabric with a high density has a large shrinkage in the warp direction. On the contrary, the weft density is larger than that of the dense fabric, and the weft shrinkage is also large.

3 The thickness of the fabric yarn is different, and the shrinkage rate is also different. The shrinkage rate of the coarse yarn is large, and the shrinkage of the fine fabric is small.

4 The fabric production process is different, and the shrinkage rate is also different. Generally, in the weaving and dyeing process of the fabric, the fiber is stretched many times, the processing time is long, and the shrinkage rate of the fabric with a large applied tension is large, and vice versa.

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Textile printing and dyeing auxiliaries limit formaldehyde

Can not use textile auxiliaries that make the amount of formaldehyde directly in contact with the skin exceed 30ppm and the amount of formaldehyde in all other textiles exceeds 300ppm, such as wool protectant containing super-formaldehyde, fixing agent, cross-linking agent, adhesive Wait.

Limiting the amount of free and partially hydrolyzed formaldehyde in textile dyes, ensuring that the amount of free and partially hydrolyzed formaldehyde on the fabric does not exceed 30 ppm for textiles that come into direct contact with the skin, but not for all other textiles. More than 300ppm.

Heavy metal salts (other than iron) or formaldehyde cannot be used as a decolorizer or fading agent in textiles.

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Cotton is a woven fabric made from cotton yarn. Different varieties are derived due to differences in tissue specifications and post-processing methods.

Cotton cloth is soft, comfortable, warm, moisture-absorbing, breathable, easy to dye and finish. Because of its natural characteristics, it has long been loved by people and become an indispensable basic product in life.

produce

The production of cotton includes three processes: spinning, weaving and dyeing. Spinning and weaving are the process of mechanically processing textile fibers into yarns and fabrics. Dyeing and finishing is done by chemical methods and some physical and mechanical methods. The fiber product is subjected to a reprocessing process, and the finishing performance of the fiber and its products can be improved and the appearance thereof can be improved.

use

Cotton cloth is a necessity in people's daily life. It has a wide range of applications in people's wearing, bedding, indoor products, interior decoration, etc., and is also widely used in packaging, industry, medical, military and other fields.

Origin and export country

China's cotton cloth is widely distributed in Shanghai, Tianjin, Qingdao and Shaanxi, Henan, Shandong, Hebei and other provinces and cities. Cotton cloth is mainly exported to Southeast Asia, Eastern Europe, Canada, the United States, Japan and other countries and regions.

kind

There are many types of cotton cloth. In the field of import and export trade and domestic circulation, it is often divided into four types: primary color cotton cloth (gray cloth), color cloth, flower cloth and yarn-dyed cloth according to its color and processing methods.

The main varieties of cotton cloth are city cloth, fine cloth, coarse cloth, pyridinium, khaki, huada, tribute, twill, poplin, hemp yarn, seersucker, corduroy, thread, flannel and so on.

specification

The specifications of cotton mainly refer to yarn count, density, width, weight and length.

The yarn count refers to the thickness of the warp and weft of the fabric, and the method is the warp number (count) × weft number (count). For example, the cotton cloth 30×36 indicates 30 warp yarns, and the weft yarn is 36 sticks.

Density refers to the number of warp or weft yarns per 10cm length of fabric. The density of fabric is directly related to its strength, elasticity, hand feeling, thinness, water permeability and so on. Generally, the warp and weft density of cotton fabric is about 100-600.

The width refers to the distance between the two sides of the fabric. The width of the finished cotton fabric is generally 74-91 cm and the width is 112-167.5 cm.

The weight refers to the weight per unit area of the fabric, which is called the square meter weight. The weight of the square meter is the evaluation item for the grey cloth. However, it is often used as the main basis for the price of the finished product when it is sold. The weight of the cotton cloth is about 70-300g/ M2.

The length of the fabric varies with the use, thickness, package size and variety. The length of the cotton outlet is generally fixed (30 yards, 42 yards, 60 yards) and random rice (code).

quality

(1) Appearance quality: Some defects existing on the cloth surface of cotton grey cloth are collectively referred to as appearance defects. Generally, the gray cloth has the following points: hole, spider web, yarn skipping, warp, flower weft, slub yarn, roving, sundries, Missing, latitude, thinning, dense road, etc., some of which can be repaired, but affect the appearance.

Printing and dyeing cotton cloth may produce common defects: uneven dyeing, dyed strips, crosspieces, inaccurate flowers, dragging, chromatic aberration and latitude, etc., in the raised fabrics, there are uneven hairs, uneven fluff and other defects.

All these defects are divided into locality and scatterability according to their nature and the size and location of the affected area.

(2) Intrinsic quality:

1 physical project.

Density: The warp or weft density of a fabric refers to the number of warp or weft yarns arranged along the weft or warp unit length of the fabric. The inspection standard in China is expressed by the metric density, that is, the number of warp or weft yarns per 10 cm of the fabric.

Weight: The weight of the fabric generally refers to the weight per unit area of the fabric, expressed in g/m2, which is called square meter weight. The grey cloth requires one square meter of no pulp dry weight, and the printed cotton cloth requires one square meter to dry the weight. It is often required to have a full weight of one meter weight (g) or full size - code weight (ounces). The relationship between the weight of the fabric square meter and the weight per meter can be converted by the following formula:

Square meter weight (g) =

Weight per metre (g)

×100

Width (cm)

Length and width: length refers to the length of the whole fabric, measured in meters (yards); width refers to the distance between the two sides of the fabric, also known as the width.

Breaking strength and elongation at break: The breaking strength of the fabric refers to the sample with a width of 5 cm. Under the length of 20 cm of the upper and lower grippers of the fabric strength testing machine, the lowering speed of the lowering device can be stretched to the maximum when the sample breaks. The load capacity and elongation at break refer to the percentage of the elongation at break of the specimen to the length of the specimen before unstretching. The breaking strength of the fabric can be determined by the breaking strength, the strength limit (kg/cm2) or the length of the fracture (km). To represent.

Shrinkage rate: The shrinkage rate of the fabric refers to the percentage of the difference in length (width) before and after washing to the length (width) before washing, which is the shrinkage rate in the warp and weft directions, respectively.

Tear strength: A part of the fabric is subjected to a concentrated load, causing the warp or weft to be torn under maximum load, and the ability of the fabric to resist tearing is called tear strength, expressed in kg or g.

2 color fastness:

Fastness to light fastness: The light fastness is the fading of the printed and dyed products after exposure to sunlight. This test can be carried out by natural sunlight or artificial light source sun-drying machine similar to sunlight, and the test and the sun exposure The Blue Standard of Fastness is exposed at the same time according to the specified method, conditions and time. After the test is completed, the degree of fading of the sample is compared with the degree of fading of the blue standard. When the fading degree of the sample is equivalent to the blue standard The degree of fading of the grade is the result of the light fastness grade of the sample.

Wash fastness: Wash fastness test is to identify the fading and staining of dyed fabric after washing. It is required to stick the sample with the specified lining fabric and mechanically stir at the specified temperature and time. Wash, and then wash and dry to assess the results.

Color fastness to perspiration: The color fastness to perspiration is the fading and staining of the dyed fabric after it has been subjected to human sweat. The sample and the lining fabric are required to be attached together, and the two sets of samples are respectively contained in the histidine. (The main component of human sweat), after being treated as an essential component in an acidic or alkaline solution, the two sets of samples are placed between two test plates at a predetermined pressure, and placed at a predetermined temperature for a certain period of time. The combined samples were dried separately and the results were evaluated.

Rubbing fastness: The color fastness to rubbing is the condition that the color of the printed fabric is degraded after being rubbed. The specimen is subjected to the friction test by dry and wet standard white cloth under the specified instrument and test conditions. Rubbing and wet rubbing two white cloth stained samples, respectively, to evaluate the results of rubbing fastness.

Color fastness to ironing: The color fastness test for ironing is to identify the fading and staining of printed and dyed fabrics after ironing. It is divided into two methods: dry ironing and wet ironing. Dry ironing test fades and wets. The ironing test is stained and selected according to the requirements. The test results should be indicated separately.

3 chemical projects. Qualitative analysis of the containing cloth of the grey cloth: During the weaving process, the grey cloth is added with a certain slurry film to make the yarn have elasticity, increase the strength, reduce the elongation, increase the wear resistance and improve the smoothness of the cloth surface, and play a certain role. In addition to the use of starch slurry, the current slurry film also uses various chemical pastes. In the process of printing and dyeing, the film of the grey cloth must be removed, otherwise it can not be dyed, such as imperfect desizing to bring bad printing and dyeing effect. influences. Various slurries vary in nature and must be desizing by various methods, so qualitative analysis of various slurries on fabrics is important.

Quantitative analysis of formaldehyde released from resin finishing fabrics: After finishing the resin, the fabric can improve the taking performance, achieve anti-shrinkage, anti-wrinkle, wear resistance and improve the hand feeling. In recent years, it has developed "washable wearable", durable pressing, anti-corrosion, etc. Many properties, the mechanism of fabric resin finishing is mainly the use of bifunctional organic compounds capable of bonding with the hydroxyl group (-OH) of cellulose, cross-linking reaction between long-chain molecules of cellulose, and most of the resin finishing agents contain formaldehyde. N-hydroxymethyl (OHCH2), a resin finished with a resin, releases formaldehyde under the action of wet and hot air.

The effect of formaldehyde concentration in the atmosphere on the human body: See Table 6-4-29.

Table 6—4—29 Effect of formaldehyde concentration in the atmosphere on the human body

Formaldehyde concentration (ppm)

Human influence

0.5

0.8

5

15

20

3000

Irritating eyes

Feel smelly

Stimulating scorpion

cough

Stimulate breathing tube

Injury to the body to make digestive enzymes

test

Cotton fabrics (including grey fabrics, woven fabrics, colored fabrics, floral fabrics, yarn-dyed fabrics, and flannel) are legal inspection products. The export of cotton cloth shall be inspected by the inspection and quarantine department, and the export shall be permitted only in accordance with the requirements of foreign trade contracts and national standards.

(1) Inspection method: Whether the export cotton inspection is export inspection or pre-inspection, the inspection and quarantine department shall conduct the inspection on the basis of the factory inspection (issuing the factory inspection certificate) and the foreign trade company acceptance.

1Export inspection: Export formal inspection refers to the inspection of the goods that have been sold. After accepting the application, the applicant will carefully review the relevant provisions of the contract, letter of credit and various inspection basis, and require the batch to be clear, the goods certificate to match, the appearance and packaging. The inspection shall be carried out on site, and the physical and chemical projects shall be taken back to the inspection room after sampling according to the regulations. After all the items have passed the inspection, they shall be issued or released. 2 pre-test. The pre-test is the inspection of the qualified goods that have not yet been sold out for the export textiles or the qualified finished products that have not yet been delivered. The pre-inspection requires the foreign trade company to give the goods to the manufacturer, and the number of flowers and color positions of the exported products must be in the factory. Complete, complete packaging and batch clear. The appearance and packaging shall be inspected on site, and the physical and chemical projects shall be taken back to the laboratory for inspection according to the regulations. After all the items have passed the inspection, the pre-qualification certificate shall be issued. After the pre-qualification of the textiles, the outer packaging shall be inspected before the official export. For the time limit, a quality inspection is required. 3 Origin inspection and certificate replacement The origin inspection refers to the export cotton cloth produced by the provinces, municipalities or autonomous regions in the Mainland. It must be exported. The inspection and quarantine institutions under the jurisdiction of the region are subject to inspection and inspection. After the inspection is passed, the inspection is issued. Later, it will be handed over to the port inspection and quarantine institution with the goods, and the certificate will be released. The port inspection and quarantine institutions must approve the inspection before the release of the certificate. According to the specific conditions of the inspection, the quality of the inspection can be carried out by unpacking (package) if necessary. 4 Entrusted inspection: Acceptance of entrusted inspection, generally in accordance with the samples provided by the inspector, inspection items, standards, methods and purpose requirements for inspection. After the inspection, the actual inspection results will be provided, and the assessment conclusions of the qualified and unqualified will not be made.

(2) Inspection steps and basis:

1 sampling. The number of applications submitted by the foreign trade department is a batch, and a representative sample is taken for inspection. The sampling method and quantity are based on FZ/T10004-93 "Insulin and chemical fiber pure spinning, blended fabric inspection rules", FZ/T10005- 93 "Inner and chemical fiber pure spinning, blended printing and dyeing cloth inspection rules"; 2 appearance quality inspection. Appearance quality inspection is generally combined with inspection packaging, whether the outer packaging is packaged intact, whether there is any abnormality such as damage, pollution, flooding, etc. Check the product name, mark, batch number, number of pieces; the tightness of the inner packaging plastic cloth and the quality of the plastic bag sealing. After unpacking, check whether the trademark is correct, whether the label of the quality specification is complete, and the writing is clearly consistent with the contract of the transaction or the foreign trade order. Appearance quality inspection includes the color difference between the goods and the specified sample, check the color difference between the 疋 and the ,, the pattern and feel, then spread the cloth on the inspection table, the cloth according to GB/T 406-93, printing and dyeing cloth GB /T411-93 page-by-page test to assess, in the inspection process, pay attention to the color difference before and after the test and the left and right color difference, measure the weft, measure the width, the fold and calculate the length, etc., and finally make the test record. 3 intrinsic quality inspection. The appearance quality and packaging inspection are carried out on site, while the intrinsic quality inspection is taken back to the inspection room after sampling at the same time as the appearance quality inspection. The intrinsic quality inspection is in accordance with GB/T406-93 "Inner color cotton cloth test method", GB/T411-93 "Test method for printing and dyeing cotton" was carried out.

Packaging, storage and transportation

Packaging is one of the important conditions to ensure the quantity of goods and the quality is intact. In addition to quality inspection of export cotton, inspection of packaging is also an important inspection.

The packaging is divided into outer packaging and inner packaging. The outer packaging of the export cotton cloth is suitable for long-distance navigation, transportation and storage for a certain period of time. Generally, there are three kinds of cloth packaging, carton packaging and wooden box packaging. The size and size of the package can be as needed, but it must be clearly marked on the outer packaging for convenient storage and transportation. The outer packaging generally needs to indicate the gimmick, item number, product name, color number, quantity, specification, volume, gross weight, and order number. Batch mark, storage and transportation attention mark, etc.

The requirements of the inner packaging are to be strong, and the second is to be beautiful. It not only plays a role in ensuring the quality of the goods, but also increases the value of the goods and attracts consumers to purchase. The inner packaging is various in form, and generally has a folding, a single coil, a double coil, a cylinder, and the like. The inner package includes a small plastic sheet (package), brush (hot) gold seal, trademark, waist seal, etc.

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Formaldehyde content ≤75mg/kg

PH value: 4.0-7.0

Odor: no

Tear strength: National standard is not clearly defined, but generally in 10N

Dry friction: 2~3 level Wet friction: 1~2 level

Breaking fastness: national standard 220N, general internal control over 250N

Sewing strength: GB within 0.6cm General internal control: 0.5cm

Color fastness: The color fastness of the clothes reaches the standard of three grades. The dyed cloth is placed in the cup, and then the boiling water of 100 °C is poured. At the same time, the soap powder is placed in the cup, and the color is not more than four grades.

Shrinkage rate: within 3% of internal control